KYUSTENDIL

Kyustendil is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, 90 km southwest of Sofia. The town is located at the foot of the Osogovo mountain, on both banks of the Banska River, and is a well-known centre of balneology and fruit growing. The town is 80 km southwest of Sofia, 69 km northwest of Blagoevgrad and 22 km from the border with the Republic of Macedonia.

History
A Thracian settlement emerged at the place of the modern town in the 5th-4th century BC, which was turned into an important stronghold, balneological resort and trade junction called Pautalia by the Romans in the 1st century AD, from a Thracian word meaning "source", "spring".
The Hisarlaka fortress was built in the 4th century and the town was mentioned under the Slavic name of Velbazhd  in a 1019 charter by Byzantine emperor Basil II. During the reign of Kaloyan, the town became part of the Second Bulgarian Empire, acquiring its modern name after the local feudal lord Konstantin Dragash in the 16th century.The residents of Kyustendil took an active part in the Bulgarian National Revival. The town was liberated from Ottoman rule on 29 January 1878.In the 11th C. the town, known as Velbuzhd, after the name of its heir, Konstantin Velbuzhd, became a major religious and administrative centre. About 1355 Velbuzhd and its region were included in the semi-independent feudal Velbuzhd principality of Despot Deyan. In the 15th C. the town was called Kyustendil, which means a land of Konstantin. In 1372 the Turks conquered the town. During the Bulgarian National Revival crafts and trade flourished.

Mineral springs
Kyustendil is a national balneological resort at an altitude of 500 m. The ancient name of the town Pautalia (a town of springs) is Thracian.
There are more than 40 mineral springs in the town. The waters are of considerable content of sulfite compounds. These are used for treatment of the locomotory system, gynecological and other kinds of diseases. The resort region includes several baths, balneological complexes and others.